Certified Information Systems Security Professional (CISSP) Practice Exam 2025 – All-in-One Guide to Mastering Your Certification!

Encapsulation in Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) is a fundamental concept that primarily achieves the restriction of access to class members. This means that the internal state of an object is hidden from the outside world, and its data can only be accessed and modified through a defined interface, typically through methods (getters and setters). The purpose of this restriction is to protect the integrity of the object's data and to maintain control over how it is accessed or modified, which can prevent unintended interference or misuse.

By encapsulating data, developers can ensure that objects maintain valid states and that any interaction with the internal data respects the intended rules and behaviors defined by the class. This level of abstraction aids in reducing complexity and enhancing maintainability, as changes to the internal implementation of a class can be made without affecting other parts of the program that rely on the public interface of that class.

In contrast, other options such as implementing multiple inheritance, enhancing system performance, or facilitating direct data manipulation do not directly relate to the core principle of encapsulation in OOP.